Sunday, December 15, 2019

Produce a detailed and linguistically well-informed Free Essays

Produce a detailed and linguistically well- informed analysis of the editor’s letter from Elle magazine (July 2012) which focuses on the process of ‘synthetic personalisation By harpur91 Produce a detailed and linguistically well-informed analysis of the editor’s letter from Elle magazine Ouly 2012) which focuses on the process of ‘synthetic personalisation What I am going to look like, in relevance to the above question, is the process of synthetic personalisation in the magazine, ELLE (July 2012). I am therefore going to nclude work produced by Norman Fairclough and his ideas on this process, but also including lexical features, conversationalisation; in which can be spilt up into numerous features combined under this discourse. Firstly, however, I am going to have to understand the terms In order to produce a detailed and linguistically well- Informed analysis of the editors letter from said magazine. We will write a custom essay sample on Produce a detailed and linguistically well-informed or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first area I am going to focus on is Synthetic personalisation’. Fairclough defined this concept as being â€Å"a compensatory tendency to give the impression of treating each of the people handled’ en masse as an individual† (Fairclough 2001 :52) this therefore it begins to become a process of addressing the mass audience, whilst speaking to them as they were Individuals. Thus, showing off an element of conversationalisatlon, not only that, but It begins to show Ideas of Informality with the language used throughout articles etc___ However when looking deeper into the Issue. we begin to see that this is only a cover-up, an attempt to give the impression that they are speaking on an informal, one-to-one basis. This therefore shows elements of manipulation; giving us, as the udience a false sense of intimacy, or fake intimacy (Hoggart 1957) with the writer. Furthermore this begins to signify the phoney sense of belonging we have with the text given, we are not seen as being an individual but as a collective group of people. Falrclough would therefore describe and label the concepts spoken above as conversationallsation. As we begin to progress, we begin to see a clear difference In both private and public outputs. â€Å"People do not expect to be spoken down to, lectured or got at’. They expect to be spoken to in a familiar, friendly and informal anner as they were equals on the the same footing as the speaker† (Scannell, 1996:24) not only does this relate to radio and television, but it could be incorporated into the magazine and Journalist Industry. People reading Journalistic products such as ELLE magazine; expect to be treated In a certain way, a way In which Is Informal, conversational In order to gain that Illusion of Individualisation, rather than them addressing the audience as a whole. Conversationalisation is a â€Å"term used by Fairclough (1994:260) who describes it as ‘a restructuring of the boundary between ublic and private orders of discourse’ Fairclough also notes that it involves the use of language that is normally associated with conversation† (Baker 2011 :22) because of tnls, we can Degln to see tnls development Detween tne relatlonsnlp 0T tne speaker and reader therefore creating this emotional connection, rather than it Just being informational. Furthermore â€Å"it could be argued that in capitalist societies, conversationalisation is often used as a way of securing customer loyalty by helping them create the appearance of a personal relationship† (Baker 2011 :23) this therefore inks back to the idea that companies/ in this case ELLE magazine writers have the ability to address a mass audience, but making them feel like they are being spoken to individually. And when it builds this relationship with the reader, they are able to exploit them through subtle, inclusive language. The editor’s letter from ELLE magazine, shows off similar ideas of this informality of conversationalisation, we as the audience, when reading this text, may see it as being something you would sit amongst friends and chat about, thus giving that informal conversation (e. . â€Å"l wanted to pick the star of the show, the person you all want to date – sorry I mean meet) this shows that Joke like attitude women may converse in when with their girlfriends. Thus showing, in essence a form of popular opinion, allowing the readers to feel some sort of connection. Not only this, but specific language used throughout texts of this nature, i. e. fashion magazines, show a clear representation of that conversation amongst friends. And like said previously, the writer begins to address you as an individual, rather than a collective group. This therefore is a clear representation of language; that they are being supportive friends therefore helping another friend out in need. Lexical features are also used throughout this text in order to reinforce the idea of the writer personally addressing their ideas to an individual. For example, pronouns such as; l, you and we are used throughout this text, to make the reader feel connected to this historical fashion debut. An example of this would be; â€Å"this is the first time in ELLE’s 27-year history we have put a man on the cover. I didn’t take the decision lightly- after all, this is a LUXARY fashion magazine for women† not only is it addressing all women, whom have some sort of interest in fashion, but it begins to show off an element that, you as the reader had some sort of insight in picking and being a part of this event. Not only this, but the editor begins to apologise to those, whom thought R-Patz (Robert Pattinson) would grace their historical cover. â€Å"l feel I have to apologise to the R-Patz fans who hoped our first-ever cover man would be him (and told me repeatedly on Facebook and Twitter! ) Again, with the synthetic personalisation aspect, we begin to see that there is a clear formality of the writer-reader element. The fact they apologised, signifies the element of intimacy, thus allowing those to thought he would grace the cover, some clarification into why they chose David Beckham instead. When analysing the editor’s letter in more detail, we begin to see the use of pronouns and how the language and context it is used in conforms to the idea of togetherness. The pronoun; we, is used during the letter, this therefore shows the representation of a hared identity of the audience, not only that but it becomes clear that the language used is in a specific way in which creates the idea of a togetherness for the audience, that they feel a part of this. The pronouns used do not Just simply and directly conform to the friendly stereotype between writer-reader but, they are also used in terms of exclusively, where there used amongst the editorial team therefore contributes to† setting up the producer as a team; the anonymous group voice is a Trlen01y gossip In tne orlentatlon Deneatn tn 5/6) tnls tnereTore hows that the editorial team act like a family, in which create the illusion of a wider- social informal friend-like association between writer-reader. For example â€Å"l knew I had made the right decision as I noted the giddiness among the editorial team before the shoot† this shows the clear representation of the pronouns used in order create the family-like background for the reader, it signifies a family into which collectively decides on what is right. And because of this, we as the audience/reader feel like this is addressing us on a personal/individual level. Not only does language ncorporate the idea of directly addressing an individual rather than a collective group, but the use of parenthesis can also create the idea of a quiet word between friends, therefore backing up this element. Within the editor’s letter from ELLE â€Å"we have done two covers for the newsstand issue (so you can go out and buy the alternative, too) and a very SPECIAL illustrated collectors’ cover for our loyal and much-valued subscribers (weVe also made a video for your eyes only, subscribers† with this, it represents ideas that if you are a loyal subscriber you can get extra ontent etc.. which therefore could symbolise ideas of your much closer friends. Therefore you are able to talk more and gain a more insightful understanding of the content. However this could be represented in a completely different light. The fact that this may mean the exploitation of individuals, in which creating the idea that you can get more from this issue if you become a subscriber, therefore reinforces the capitalist society. Overall when looking at what has been said, I can conclude that synthetic personalisation has played a massive part in the print industry, focusing ore on the fashion magazine ELLE, the fact we are able to see and understand the linguistic features used in order to create this illusion of a friendship connection between writer and reader and how, they have used their power in order to manipulate the audience. And because of this, the audience finds it more helpful knowing that they have some sort of â€Å"friend† to lend a helping hand. Not only that, but because the private and public have started to merge, we are seeing elements of public events being used for private consumption. But people are able to interpret hings different when there in private, than they could if they were in public. But overall, there are so many elements in ELLE magazine which represent the linguistic attributes in exploiting an audience through language and grammer. How to cite Produce a detailed and linguistically well-informed, Papers

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Price Theory

Questions: 1.Suppose that the price of milk is Px = $1 per litre, the price of coffee is Py = $4 per cup, and Sally's income is I = $40. Without deriving the optimal Consumption Basket, show that the basket with x = 16 litres of milk, and y = 6 cups of coffee, is NOT optimal.2.Derive the Expression for Sally's marginal rate of Substitution.3.Derive Sally's Demand for co_ee as a function of the Variables Px , Py and 4.Derive Sally's Demand for milk as a function of the variables Px , Py and I. (i.e. Do NOT use the Numerical Values for Px , Py and I, from question 1.) For the purposeof this question you should assume an Interior Optimum.5.Describe the relationship between Sally's Demand for milk and, (a) Sally's Income; (b) The Price of Milk; (c) The Price of Coffee.6. Suppose that Px = $1 and I = $40. Find the Equivalent Variation for an increase in the Price of Coffee from Py1 = $4 to Py2 = $5. Answers: 1.Utility function is a method of assigning a number to every possible consumer bundle such that the more preferred bundles get assigned larger numbers and vice versa. Sallys utility function is given by the equation U(x,y) = xy+2x. Marginal utility is the rate of change of utility brought about by a small change in the amount of the good being consumed by the individual (Varian, 2010). Here the marginal utility of the good x (milk) is given by the equation MUx = y+2. The marginal utility of the good y (coffee) is given by MUy = x. To have an optimal solution it must be such that the slope of the indifference curve must be tangent to the price line. Only in that case would there be no other position where a consumer might have been better off. That would imply that the value of the slope of the utility curve and the absolute value of the slope of the price line must be the same. The slope of the utility curve can be found out by -(MUx / MUy)= -(y+2)/x Putting the values of x and y given in the question, we get -(MUx / MUy)= -0.5 The slope of the price line is (Px/Py). By the information given in the problem, -(Px/Py)= -0.25 Thus as the two values do not match, we can say that the consumption bundle with x=16 and y=6 is not the optimum bundle. 2.Marginal rate of substitution (MRS) is the maximum amount of good that one consumer is willing to forego so that he or she can obtain an additional unit of another good. MRS is given by (MUx / MUy). Thus Sallys marginal rate of substitution is given by (MUx / MUy)= (y+2)/x. Again at optimum this must be equal to the absolute slope of the price line which is given by (Px/Py)= 0.25. Thus Sallys MRS = (MUx / MUy) = (y+2)/x = (Px/Py) = 0.25. 3.The budget line of Sally can be written as Pxx+Pyy= I (1) where I is the total income of the consumer. Again as per the optimality conditions since it is an interior solution, the consumption bundle will only be optimal when MRS =(MUx / MUy) = (y+2)/x = (Px/Py) (2) It can then be written that ((y+2)/x) = (Px/Py) Or, Pxx = Py(y+2) Or, Pxx = Pyy+2Py. (3) Or, Pyy = Pxx-2Py. (4) Putting (3) in (1), we get Pyy+2Py+ Pyy = I Or, 2Pyy+ 2Py = I Or, 2Pyy = I - 2Py Or, y = (I - 2Py)/2Py Or, y = (I /2Py)-1 This is the demand curve of coffee (y). 4.We similarly try to find the demand curve for milk (x). Putting (4) in (1), we get that Pxx + (Pxx-2Py) = I Or, 2Pxx -2Py = I Or, 2Pxx = I+2Py Or, x = (I+2Py)/ 2Px .. (5) This is the demand curve for milk. 5.From the equation (5) we might be able to draw some conclusions about the relationship between the demand for milk (x) by Sally and the income, price of milk and price of coffee. a.From equation (5), we can see that with the increase of income (I), all other variables remaining constant, and the demand for x also rises. There is a direct relationship between the two. Thus for Sally, milk is a normal good. b.Again from equation (5), we see that with the increase in Px (the price of the milk), the amount of milk demanded falls. Thus there is an inverse relationship between demand for milk and price of milk. c.In equation (5), with the increase of Py (price of coffee), quantity demanded of milk increases. Thus there is a direct relationship between the price of the other good and the demand of the good. This would suggest that to Sally, milk and coffee are substitutes. 6.When the price of a commodity changes there are two changes that actually happen in obtaining a new optimal. They are that the purchasing power of income is altered and the rate at which we substitute one good for anther changes. Change in demand due to the change in the rate of exchange is known as substitution effect while change in demand due to having more purchasing power is called income effect (Pindyck et al., 2013). Equivalent variation is the change in welfare that is associated with the change in prices. To find the answer, first we need to find the optimum x and y at the original prices. In fig 1, let the initial budget line be given by RQ and the indifference curve be given by U*. The point of tangency is given by E*(x*,y*). Using equation (5) and putting the value of I=40, Px=1 and Py=4, we get, x = (40 + 2(4))/2(1) Or, x = 48/2 Or, x* = 24 . Putting this value of x* in equation (1) along with I=40, Px=1 and Py=4, we get, (1)(24)+(4)y = 40 Or, y = (40-24)/4 Or, y = 16/4 Or, y* = 4 Thus the initial optimum bundle (x*,y*) is given by (24,4). The utility of this consumption bundle is given by U*. U* = (24)(4)+ 2(24) Or, U* = 144 Now the price of y has increased to 5 and all the other values remain the same. The budget line changes to MR and the utility curve is U**. To find the final consumption basket E** which gives (x**, y**), we replace the values in equation (5), Then, x** = (40+2(5))/2 or, x** = 25 Putting these values in equation (1), we get, (1)(25)+(5)y** = 40 Or, 5y** = 40-25 Or, y** = 15/5 Or, y** = 3 Thus the final consumption basket is (25,3). The utility of the consumer U** is given by U** = (25)(3)+2(25) Or, U** = 125 Now to find the tangency condition at the decomposition consumption basket A (xa, ya), we have to use the tangency condition. So, we try and find an optimum with the original set of prices and the budget line at TS and the new utility curve U**. (MUx / MUy) = (y+2)/x = (Px/Py) = 1/4 Then, xa = 4ya+8(6) Also, since it is on the same indifference curve i.e. utility level as the final solution, (xa)( ya) + 2(xa) = 125 (7) Using (6) and (7), we might can solve for (xa, ya) using these two as simultaneous equations. Or, xa2=125.4 Or, xa = 22.36 We get ya=3.59 The cost of this basket is (22.36)(1) + (3.59)(4) = 36.72 Thus the equivalent variation is 36.72 40 = -3.28. References: Pindyck, R. and Rubinfeld, D. (2013). Microeconomics. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson. Varian, H. (2010). Intermediate microeconomics. New York: W.W. Norton Co.

Friday, November 29, 2019

The Achievement of True Happiness Essay Example For Students

The Achievement of True Happiness Essay PlotThe novel, Sister Carrie, written by Theodore Dreiser commences in1889 with Caroline Meeber, an innocent, naive eighteen-year-old girl,departing from her home in Columbia City to reside with her sister Minniein Chicago. While on the train, Carrie encounters a young man by the nameof Charles Drouet, whom she hopes to visit with once she settles into hernew residence. Unfortunately, Carrie learns that she will be unable toreceive Drouet as a houseguest at her sisters flat. Carrie is encouragedto search for employment in order to facilitate her sister and brother-in-law in paying their rent. She manages to hold down a job for a shortperiod of time but then falls ill. After regaining her strength, Carriehas trouble locating another job.Coincidentally, she reencountersDrouet and takes him up on an offer to move in with him. Soon after Carriesettles into her new living arrangement, Drouet invites his friend,Hurstwood, over to meet her. Carrie and Hurstwood fall in love despite thefact that he is married and believes that she is Drouets wife. Upondiscovering that Hurstwood is married, Carrie becomes upset and refuses tocontact him any longer. Drouet moves out after his discovery that Carriehas been meeting with Hurstwood behind his back. Subsequently, Hurstwoodsteals ten thousand dollars from the safe where he works and tricks Carrieinto traveling to Canada with him. The pair settles in New York andHurstwood begins a fruitless search for employment. A long period of timeelapses and Hurstwood, who had been a member of high-society in Chicago, isunable to obtain a job. Carrie abandons him and pursues her dream ofbecoming an actress, while living with her friend, Lola Osborne, who isalso an actress. Carrie becomes successful, yet she never achieves thestate of happiness based on material possessions that she left ColumbiaCity to pursue at the commencement of the novel. Rather, she discoversthat her ideal happiness is merely an unattainable illusion. We will write a custom essay on The Achievement of True Happiness specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now CharactersCaroline Meeber, often referred to as Carrie by most other characters,serves as the character whose actions the reader follows throughout thecourse of the novel. Carrie represents the opportunity for advancementwithin the class system that Dreiser creates for the novel. She believesthat becoming a part of high-society will allow her to obtain the happinessthat she so desires. She begins as part of the lower stratum of societyand climbs higher through her relationship with Drouet. Although Carrieenjoys her improved social standing, she still wishes for more. She wishesto be part of the high-class society that Hurstwood represents. Her goalthroughout the novel remains to achieve happiness by acquiring enough moneyand status in order to gain access to high society. Carrie alsoacknowledges that she does not desire to return to where she came from. She could possibly have conquered the fear of hunger and gone back; thethought of hard work and a narrow round of suffering would, under the lastpressure of conscience, have yielded, but spoil her appearance?-be oldclothed and poor-appearing?-never! (Dreiser 81) Rather than achievinghappiness, at the conclusion of the novel, after Carrie has obtained boththe money and independence she so desired, she realizes that she is stillalone. Amid the tinsel and shine of her state walked Carrie, unhappy.(399)Minnie Hanson, Carries sister in Chicago, represents the beginning ofCarries search for something better. The sisters do not have much incommon. Minnie was no comparison for her sister-she was too old. (41)When Minnie greets her in Chicago, Carrie, feels cold reality takingher by the hand. (8) Minnie serves as Carries transition between livingat home with her family and living alone with a man in the real world.George Hurstwood epitomizes the achievement of the American dream,even still to day. He possesses money and a seemingly perfect family;however, as is often the case, Hurstwoods residence could scarcely besaid to be infused with this home spirit. (68) To Carrie, Hurstwoodrepresents everything that she desires to be and to have. She falselyinfers that he must be happy; for he has everything that one could possiblydesire. She falls in love with him and until they are in New York does notrealize that underneath all of his possessions and wealth, he hasimperfections similar to those of Drouet, or any other man. After he losesall of his money and has no prospect of future employment, Constantcomparison between his old state and his new showed a balance for theworse, which produced a constant state of gloom or, at least depression.(260) Unwilling to contend with the prospect of impending poverty, Carriemoves out to live with an actress friend of hers. .u5fc88288e62bee31a0f8a094dcb9c058 , .u5fc88288e62bee31a0f8a094dcb9c058 .postImageUrl , .u5fc88288e62bee31a0f8a094dcb9c058 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5fc88288e62bee31a0f8a094dcb9c058 , .u5fc88288e62bee31a0f8a094dcb9c058:hover , .u5fc88288e62bee31a0f8a094dcb9c058:visited , .u5fc88288e62bee31a0f8a094dcb9c058:active { border:0!important; } .u5fc88288e62bee31a0f8a094dcb9c058 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5fc88288e62bee31a0f8a094dcb9c058 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5fc88288e62bee31a0f8a094dcb9c058:active , .u5fc88288e62bee31a0f8a094dcb9c058:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5fc88288e62bee31a0f8a094dcb9c058 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5fc88288e62bee31a0f8a094dcb9c058 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5fc88288e62bee31a0f8a094dcb9c058 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5fc88288e62bee31a0f8a094dcb9c058 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5fc88288e62bee31a0f8a094dcb9c058:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5fc88288e62bee31a0f8a094dcb9c058 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5fc88288e62bee31a0f8a094dcb9c058 .u5fc88288e62bee31a0f8a094dcb9c058-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5fc88288e62bee31a0f8a094dcb9c058:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: It's Time for Voluntary Euthanasia and Assisted Su EssayCharles Drouet is Carries first experience with a man in her life. She does not particularly have any affection for him, but she feels thatshe owes him something for assisting her in her time of need. Hefacilitates her by giving her money and a place to live when she is unableto locate a job, although he is only this generous in order to make herfeel dependent on him. She greatly appreciates his efforts, feeling asthough a great arm had slipped out before her to draw off trouble. (50)Drouet functions as a static character, upon which one can measure theprogress of Carrie and Hurstwood throughout the novel. He does notrepresent as high of a class in society as does Hurstwood, but he stilllives comfortably, with money to spare. His clothes were particularly newand rich in appearance. (78) Drouet becomes disturbed when he learns ofCarries relationship with Hurstwood but is actually more disturbed by thefact that she prefers another man over him than the fact that he loves her. Julia Hurstwood epitomizes a woman living the life of luxury. Shestays out of her husbands business matters, and he compensates byproviding her with everything materialistic that she could ever need orwant. Julia is very concerned with appearances and desires to have onlythe best of everything, both for her and for her children. After shediscovers Hurstwoods relationship with Carrie, she demands money to go ona trip with her children and does not wish to see Hurstwood ever again. Jessica Hurstwood palpably follows in the footsteps of her patricianmother, Julia. Her main goal throughout the novel is to search for asuitable husband. She acts supercilious and believes that she is superiorto anyone possessing less money than her, a belief undoubtedly spurned byher mothers example. Jessica succeeds in locating a wealthy husband andwill likely continue to follow in her mothers footsteps throughout heradult life. Mrs. Vance and Mrs. Frank Hale represent another example of whatCarrie believes will make her happy. Mrs. Frank Hale lives in the samebuilding as Carrie and Drouet and opens Carries eyes to the class aboveher in society. Mrs. Vance, who lives in the flat next door to Carrie andHurstwood in New York, serves a similar purpose. Both flats were good tolook upon, though that of the Vances tended somewhat more to theluxurious. (243) These women set standards for Carrie that outline herdesires for the future. Bob Ames, a cousin of Mrs. Vance, who the latter introduces to Carrie,impresses the young girl very much. She enjoys his company, finding valuein what he has to say. In comparing him to both Hurstwood and Drouet, shenotices, He seemed wiser than Hurstwood, saner and brighter than Drouet.(257) Carrie believes that Ames may have even discovered the elusivehappiness that she, herself, is unable to locate. Lola Osborne gives Carrie the courage to move out of Hurstwoods flat,and life. The two women live together as roommates until Carrie begins tomake more money, at which point they both move into a hotel. Lola is alsoan actress and encourages Carrie to reach her potential in the theater. Lola also seems to possess the happiness that Carrie searches for. Shetells Carrie, Therere lots would give their ears to be in your shoes.(363) Yet, Lola does not seem unhappy. Major ConflictsMany of the conflicts in Sister Carrie are motivated by the desirefor money, status, or happiness. One such example is Carries conflictbetween herself and society, pertaining to her search for happiness. Itseems that society repeatedly shows Carrie something out there thatrepresents more affluence than she has access to, which in her mindsignifies more happiness. This conflict is never resolved, for Carrienever reaches that state of happiness, which she searches for throughoutthe novel. Near the conclusion, Carrie realizes that money does not assurehappiness. She had learnedin her own present state, was nothappiness.(399)Hurstwood engages in a conflict of the type man versus man with hiswife, Julia, motivated by the desire for money once she decides to divorcehim. She believes that she should be able to obtain his money, especiallysince he was unfaithful to her. Hurstwood obviously disagrees with thistrain of thought and fights to keep his money. Julia files suit withM cGregor, James, and Hay, who send Hurstwood a note saying, We beg toinform youbefore filing suit against youfor divorce and alimony.(192) Unfortunately for Hurstwood, Julia ends up with all of his money. Drouet and Hurstwood join in a conflict motivated by the desire towin Carrie and her affection. It is not particularly clear whethereither Drouet or Hurstwood actually love Carrie. Drouet lives with Carriefor an extended period of time and never wishes to marry her, yet whenHurstwood appears in the picture, Drouet suddenly must have his preciousCarrie around. his attitude had been that of the jealous lover. Nowhis feelings were a mixture of anger at deception, sorrow at losing Carrie,misery at being defeated. (181) Hurstwood does not want to change hisstatus in society or mar his reputation, but still wishes to have Carrieall to himself. It seems as if Hurstwood wins her affection, but this isonly temporary. Although they marry, it is not legal. In the end, theconflict is resolved when Carrie goes off alone and does remain with eitherman. .u23e81829ac23515d3a1abfcef54cc74d , .u23e81829ac23515d3a1abfcef54cc74d .postImageUrl , .u23e81829ac23515d3a1abfcef54cc74d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u23e81829ac23515d3a1abfcef54cc74d , .u23e81829ac23515d3a1abfcef54cc74d:hover , .u23e81829ac23515d3a1abfcef54cc74d:visited , .u23e81829ac23515d3a1abfcef54cc74d:active { border:0!important; } .u23e81829ac23515d3a1abfcef54cc74d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u23e81829ac23515d3a1abfcef54cc74d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u23e81829ac23515d3a1abfcef54cc74d:active , .u23e81829ac23515d3a1abfcef54cc74d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u23e81829ac23515d3a1abfcef54cc74d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u23e81829ac23515d3a1abfcef54cc74d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u23e81829ac23515d3a1abfcef54cc74d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u23e81829ac23515d3a1abfcef54cc74d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u23e81829ac23515d3a1abfcef54cc74d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u23e81829ac23515d3a1abfcef54cc74d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u23e81829ac23515d3a1abfcef54cc74d .u23e81829ac23515d3a1abfcef54cc74d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u23e81829ac23515d3a1abfcef54cc74d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Polymorphism in C EssayAn alternate example of a conflict between man and society is thatbetween Hurstwood and society. Hurstwood begins as an opulent man inChicago. When he and Carrie travel to New York, he discovers that,Whatever a man like Hurstwood could be in Chicago, it is very evident thathe would be but an inconspicuous drop in an ocean like New York. (232)Without a job, Hurstwood succumbs to society and emerges as the loser inthis conflict. Society pushes him down farther and farther until he isunable to reach back up again. Symbols and MotifsThe rocking chair represents a significant symbol in Sister Carrie. From her sisters flat in Chicago, to her suite in a fancy hotel Carriefinds a rocking chair in almost every room. In Minnies flat, Carrie,drew the one small rocking-chair up to the open window, and sat lookingout upon the night and streets in silent wonder. (11) Also, in Carriesbeautiful hotel suite in the Waldorf, In her rocking-chair she sat, whennot otherwise engagedsinging and dreaming. (398) The ubiquitous rockingchairs illustrate Carries ride to Dream Land, or high society. Additional symbols in the novel exist in the form of the theaters,hotels, restaurants, and other buildings. As Carrie strolls down Broadway,she notices these buildings and determines what she believes will bring herhappiness. Upon visiting a restaurant with Mr. Vance, Mrs. Vance, and Mr. Ames, Carrie muses, Ah, how fortunate was Mrs. Vance; young, beautiful,and well offat least, sufficiently so to come here in a coach. What awonderful thing it was to be rich. (253) While walking down Broadway withMrs. Vance, Carrie longs, to feel the delight of parading here as anequal. Ah, then she would be happy! (247) Therefore, the presence ofthese symbols illustrates the theme of searching for happiness and theforeboding allusion that complete happiness may be just a dream. ThemesIn Sister Carrie, Dreiser attempts to express to the reader how themisguided search for happiness through the achievement of the Americandream of success can do more harm than good. Carrie begins as part of thelower-middle class of society and makes her way to the top. Throughout thenovel, In the view of a certain stratum of society, Carrie was comfortablyestablished-in the eyes of the starveling, beaten by every wind and gustysheet of rain she was safe in a halcyon harbor. (74) Her advances are inpart due to arduous work and in part due to her good luck. Carrie is meantto represent the, middle American class(2), Drouet, a class higher,and Hurstwood, a class higher than that. Carrie was not by any means agloomy soul; (76) however, she never feels completely happy. For theduration of the novel, Carrie searches vainly for true happiness. Thistheme remains relevant today because many people still possess the Americandream of success and happiness based on wealth and social status. Dreiserwants the reader to contemplate whether this true happiness exists at all. Ironically, as an actress in the play, Under the Gaslight, byAugustin Daly, Carrie speaks this line, It is a sad thing to want forhappiness, but it is a terrible thing to see another groping about blindlyfor it, when it is almost within the grasp. (148) If Carrie would realizethat contentment in life is not simply based on materialistic possessionsand income, she could possibly become happy. Unfortunately, she nevercomes to realize this. The reader is left with the impression that thehappiness that Carrie searches for does not exist and perhaps this is true. Perhaps the American dream of happiness is just that-a dream, an illusion. In your rocking-chair, by your window dreaming, shall you long, alone. In your rocking-chair, by your window, shall you dream such happiness asyou shall never feel. (400) The Achievement of True HappinessAP EnglishSummer HomeworkAugust 31, 2000

Monday, November 25, 2019

Ethical Concerns of Genetic Re essays

Ethical Concerns of Genetic Re essays Ethical Concerns of Genetic Research Throughout the course of the last several centuries, science and religion have been at odds with one another. During the Enlightment era, much conflict arose as to what constituted Earth- its shape, size and position in relation to the sun. In the 19th century, the squabble over evolutionist theory versus that of creationism (an argument that continues today) ensued. However, in the last decade or so, a new roadblock in the always-narrowing rift between scientific theory and theological theory has arisen: the debate over genetic research. Many conservative figures oppose certain types of genetic research, feeling the fate of ones offspring should be left to the divine; others contend that man should be able to do anything capable with technology. Since 1978, 100,000 babies have been born via Assisted Reproductive Technology {Clonaid}. In the early days IFV (Invetro Fertilization) was not accepted by many conservatives. It was first viewed as the modern day return of the notoriously inhumane Nazi scientific experiments {Masci 475}. Today IFV is considered a socially acceptable method for infertile parents to have children. In 1997, Dr. Ian Wilmut successfully cloned the first sheep named Dolly. This breakthrough has caused a black and white view of genetic research {Masci 151}. More recently the human Genome was decoded in the summer of 2000. This means that man now knows the genetic language (commonly referred to as the language of God) and can now, literally, read the book of human life {Masci 212}. Stem cells research has also recently been debated. Stem cells are cultured from embryos and have been proven to cure paralysis and many more neurological disorders {OHESCR}. All the above-mentioned scientific breakt hroughs seem to be positive miracles that will only better humanity. The truth of the matter is, all these medical advancements...

Friday, November 22, 2019

Wyeth vs. Levine court case Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Wyeth vs. Levine court case - Research Paper Example This began in April, 2000 when the complainant suffered from nausea that was reportedly caused by a migraine headache. She decided to seek medical treatment from a health clinic. Here, she was injected two doses of phenergan, a drug that is manufactured by Wyeth. During the first administration, the drug was given through intramuscular injection. This according to the label, this was the most preferable method. However, her nausea persisted and to counter this, she was given another dose through IV push. In this, drugs are administered directly into the patient’s vein in a bid to promote fast relief. Accidentally, it was administered into Levine’s vein and thus causing irreversible gangrene. Consequently, her forearm as well as right arm was amputated. She began by settling the matter with the clinic and then proceeded to sue the manufacturer for negligence as well as strict liability in a court of law. In this, she alleged that the manufacturer failed to provide critical information regarding the negative implications associated with the IV push administration method. A judge overseeing this case ruled in favor of the complainant. This decision was further affirmed by the supreme court of Vermont. In this case, Levine argued that the information provided by the label did not address the effects of the IV push methodology. Although it placed great emphasis on the relative gangrene risk that could stem from an inadvertent intra-arterial injection, the respective label did not offer any information regarding the concept of IV push. Further, it did not provide any information related to the prohibition of this method og administration. Levine’s insisted that the company had the responsibility of providing this important information by labeling the drug through ‘Changes Being Effected’ provisions. These according to Constance and Savage all drug manufacturers to add any new safety related information to a

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Shell and tube heat exchanger design Coursework

Shell and tube heat exchanger design - Coursework Example The wall has to be conducive to allow heat exchange and still be sufficiently strong to withstand fluid/gas pressures. In shell and tube heat exchangers, two closed process streams move across the unit; one move inside the tube and the other moves on the shell side. Convection and conduction allows heat to pass from hot stream to cold stream from the side of the tube side or from shell side. As temperature variation between the process streams rise, heat exchange rate for every surface area unit also rises. Conversely, heat exchangers per surface are unit drops non-linearly as temperature difference between the two process streams drops. Increasing the effective surface area of the entire system helps in maintenance of the total transfer of heat between two streams although eventually the system reaches a point where extra surface area has no effect on extra heat transfer. The other variable which affects heat exchange in shell and tube exchanger is each process stream’s velocity. This velocity directly contributes to a rise in convection cold process and hot process streams. Raising the velocity also raises heat exchange, more especially, in countercurrent design. Finally, velocity increments are limited by maximum permitted for a specific metallurgy constituting shell or tube. For carbon steel, for instance, velocity cannot exceed 6 ft. /sec. whilst for the case of stainless and high-alloy steel; rate is 12 ft. /sec. for liquids. The three conventional types of shell and tube heat exchangers are parallel, cross flow and countercurrent flow types. The names are derived from the process stream directions in relation to each other. In countercurrent heat exchanger type, average temperature variation between the process streams is optimized over the exchanger’s length, showing the highest heat transfer rate efficiency over a surface area un it. With respect to existing temperature variations observed during operation, parallel heat exchangers exhibit the lowest heat transfer rates, and then cross flow heat exchangers, and finally, countercurrent heat exchangers. Counterflow and parallel heat exchangers are illustrated below, Figure 1: Counterflow and parallel heat exchangers The design of shell and tube heat exchanger depends on flow pattern through the respective heat exchanger. It is however the most widely used heat exchanger in industries and can adopt counter-flow, parallel flow or cross-flow pattern. However, heat transfer area is a major factor in design calculation. Theoretically though, shell and tube heat exchanger flow patter is conventionally not specifically counter-flow, or parallel. Rather, it incorporates a mixture of counter-flow, parallel flow and cross-flow. Log mean temperature variation, used for design of shell and tube heat exchanger, works best for varied flow patterns occurring in this kind of heat exchanger. Shell and tube heat exchangers Shell and tube heat exchangers in their various construction modifications are probably the most widespread and commonly used basic heat exchanger configuration in the process industries. The reasons for this general acceptance are several. The shell and tube heat exchanger provides a comparatively large ratio of heat transfer area to volume and weight. It provides this surface in a form which is relatively easy to construction in a wide range of sizes and which is mechanically rugged enough to withstand normal shop fabrication stresses, shipping and field erection stresses, and normal operating conditions. There are many modifications of the basic configuration, which can be used to solve special problems. The shell and tube exchanger can be reasonably easily cleaned, and those components most subject to failure -

Monday, November 18, 2019

Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 6

Operations Management - Essay Example SPC is also found to provide a new insight of relationships between quality and productivity performance measures (Colledani and Tolio, 2009). In addition, by the use of statistical methods, SPC can be a powerful technique for monitoring, managing and analyzing and improving process performance (Chen et al., 2008). Knowing these significant views of SPC and its linked benefits primarily in a manufacturing industry is a foundation of the idea that perhaps, this technique can also be employed even in way beyond the bound of manufacturing industries, especially if those industries have the intention to enhance or improve quality, cost, productivity, human resource management, and customer relationship. Regarding this, the work at hand builds a report substantiating the idea that SPC can also be useful in service industries. There are major claims that are presented in this report that are backed by existing research studies that have important link with the importance of SPC in the serv ice industries. ... Undeniably, services have become integral components of the industrial goods, as manufacturing goods and providing services have come in a package as a notable trend (Johansson and Olhager, 2006). Johansson and Olhager found that the common ground between manufacturing and service operations can be observed within the need to analyse volume, variety, and process issues. In other words, one important connection between service and manufacturing activities is found within the actual operation. The actual operation in the real world is wider in its scope, but this does not deny the idea that every firm operation may it for manufacturing or service industry must require a certain process. To consider productivity, the issue of volume or variety cannot be overlooked. In fact, both service and manufacturing activities have certain target goals to obtain certain level of productivity output. However, this does not stop with the consideration of productivity alone. Profitability is another c oncern of every firm that is either a part of the manufacturing or service industry. In the case of firms manufacturing or selling goods, after-sales services are found to affect company’s profitability, customer retention and product development (Saccani et al., 2007). This finding reveals the thought that services can be the integral components of a manufacturing activity, and these two activities can therefore work to complement or support the other. Based on the cited information above, Saccani et al. would want to imply that in order to obtain profitability in the manufacturing industry, the need to consider after-sales services is a must. This is of great consideration, because establishing high-value for customers must